TỪ VỰNG

PHÁT ÂM

NGHĨA

Case law

(noun)

ˈkeɪs ˌlɑː

law based on decisions that have been made by judges in the past

=> Án lệ

Judicial Council

(noun)

dʒuːˈdɪʃ.əl ˈkaʊn.səl

are panels of the courts that are charged with making "necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice" within their circuits

=> Hội đồng thẩm phán

Promulgate

(verb)

‘prɑː.məl.ɡeɪt

to announce something publicly, especially a new law

=> công bố

Decision

(noun)

dɪˈsɪʒ.ən

a choice that you make about something after thinking about several possibilities

=> Quyết định

Supreme Court

(noun)

Ở VN chúng ta gọi là: Supreme People’s Court

suːˌpriːm ˈkɔːrt

the highest court in the in a country or state.

The Supreme People's Court (in Vietnam) shall review legally effective judgments and decisions of courts, which are protested against, under cassation or re-opening procedure in accordance with the procedural law

=> Tòa án Nhân dân tối cao

Dispute

(noun/verb)

dɪˈspjuːt

an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers

=> Tranh chấp

Plaintiff

(noun)

ˈpleɪn.t̬ɪf

someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court

=> Nguyên đơn

Defendant

(noun)

dɪˈfen.dənt

a person in a law case who is accused of having done something illegal

=> Bị đơn

land use right

(noun)

Lænd juːz raɪt

the right to occupy, use, make profit from or dispose of the land by the land users in accordance with laws

=> Quyền sử dụng đất

(thấy dùng “Land right” nhiều hơn á, nhưng chắc do đặc thù pháp luật VN là quyền sử dụng thui chứ k được sở hữu nên dùng hẳn “Land use right”)

Certificate of Land Use Right

(noun)

Giấy chứng nhận quyền sử dụng đất

Court

(noun)

kɔːrt

a place where trials and other legal cases happen, or the people present in such a place, especially the officials and those deciding if someone is guilty

=> Tòa án

Article

(noun)

ˈɑːr.t̬ɪ.kəl

a separate part in a written document such as a legal agreement

=> Điều (dùng trong dẫn chiếu điều khoản của Hợp đồng, Bộ luật,…)

Civil Code

(noun)

ˌsɪv.əl koʊd

the part of the legal system that relates to personal matters, such as marriage and property, rather than crime

=> Bộ luật Dân sự

Invalid

(adjective)

ɪnˈvæl.ɪd

An invalid document, ticket, law, etc. is not legally or officially acceptable

=> vô hiệu

>< valid /ˈvæl.ɪd/: based on truth or reason; able to be accepted

Lawsuit petition/ Petition

(noun)

pəˈtɪʃ.ən

a formal letter to a law court asking for a particular legal action

=> Đơn khởi kiện (Petition thui cũng có nghĩa là đơn khởi kiện rồi nha, Lawsuit petition cho rõ nghĩa thôi)

Farmland

(noun)

ˈfɑːrm.lænd

land that is used for or is suitable for farming

=> đất ruộng

People’s Committee

(noun)

ˈpiː.pəls kəˈmɪt̬.i

the local government at the Province, District, or Commune level

=> Ủy ban nhân dân

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

(noun)

ˈlɪm.ɪ.t̬ɪd ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i ˈkʌm.pə.ni

a type of company in which the owners have specific tax advantages and no personal financial risk if the company should fail

=> Công ty trách nhiệm hữu hạn

competent authority

(noun)

ˈkɑːm.pə.t̬ənt əˈθɔːr.ə.t̬i

A organization generally have the power to bind their government in specific cases

=> Cơ quan (nhà nước) có thẩm quyền

Contract

(noun)

ˈkɑːn.trækt

a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups, or the agreement itself

=> Hợp đồng (khum hiểu tại sao nhưng thực tế đi làm thấy mọi người hay xài Agreement hơn á)

Right

(noun)

rɑɪt

your opportunity to act and to be treated in particular ways that the law promises to protect for the benefit of society

=> quyền

Obligation

(noun)

ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃən

a legal or moral duty to do something

=> nghĩa vụ

First-instance Civil Judgment

(noun)

=> Bản án dân sự sơ thẩm

Appellate Civil Judgment

(noun)

=> Bản án dân sự phúc thẩm

Accept

(verb)

əkˈsept

to agree to take something

=> chấp thuận, chấp nhận

court fee

(noun)

kɔːrt fiː

money that a party must pay to the court in a legal dispute

=> án phí

in accordance with (the laws)

əˈkɔːr.dəns

following or obeying a rule, law, wish

=> Theo quy định (pháp luật)

Appeal (against)

(verb)

əˈpiːl

a request made to a court of law or to someone in authority to change a previous decision

=> kháng cáo

appellate court

(noun)

əˈpel.ət kɔːrt

=> Tòa án phúc thẩm

Representative of

(noun)

ˌrep.rɪˈzen.t̬ə.t̬ɪv

someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people

=> Đại diện

Protest

(verb)

ˈproʊ.test

a strong complaint expressing disagreement, disapproval, or opposition

=> Kháng nghị

reside overseas

rɪˈzaɪd ˌoʊ.vɚˈsiː

(ngại viết định nghĩa quá L, bổ sung sau nha mấy má)

=> định cư ở nước ngoài

Cassation

a check on the quality of contested judgments given by the courts of appeal as regards both the application of law and the legal reasoning behind it

=> Giám đốc thẩm (từ này gốc tiếng Pháp hay sao á)

Trial

(noun)

traɪəl

the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter

=> phiên tòa

(Without sb) consent

(noun)

kənˈsent

permission or agreement

=> sự đồng ý (từ này phổ biến trong hợp đồng nè. Ví dụ “… khi có sự đồng ý bằng văn bản của bên A” = “…with the written consent of Party A”

Testimony

(noun)

ˈtes.tə.moʊ.ni

spoken or written statements that something is true, especially those given in a law court

=> lời khai

on behalf of someone

(hoặc on someone's behalf)

done for another person’s benefit or support, or because you are representing the interests of that person

=> đại diện, thay mặt, đứng tên giùm,…

Transferee

(noun)

ˌtrænsfəˈriː

a person to whom someone else sells property, shares, etc.

=> Bên nhận chuyển nhượng

Transferor

(noun)

trænsˈfɜːrər

someone who sells property, shares, etc. to someone else

=> Bên chuyển nhượng

Nhiều trường hợp hay dùng lẫn giữa Transferor-Seller-Vendor hoặc Transferee-Buyer-Purchaser. Tui cũng không biết sự khác nhau là gì nữa. Chỉ là hay dùng theo cặp thui. Với cả trong luật Việt Nam hay dùng chuyển nhượng cổ phần/quyền sử dụng đất á, nên tui thường sẽ dùng Transferor và Transferee trong những trường hợp này.

legal relationship

(noun)

ˈliː.ɡəl rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp

a legal connection between two persons or other entities

=> quan hệ pháp luật

set aside

(verb)

ˈset.ə.saɪd

If a judge or court sets aside a previous decision or judgment, they state that it does not now have any legal effect, usually because they consider it to have been wrong

=> Hủy

Equivalent (to)

(adjective)

/ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt

having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc.

=> Tương đương